What is psoriasis?

Psoriasis is a chronic autoimmune condition that speeds up the growth cycle of skin cells, leading to the development of thick, red, scaly patches on the skin. These patches, often itchy and sometimes painful, commonly appear on the elbows, knees, scalp, and lower back, but can affect any part of the body.

The exact cause of psoriasis is not fully understood, but it is believed to involve a combination of genetic, environmental, and immune system factors. Triggers such as stress, certain medications, infections, and skin injuries can exacerbate symptoms or cause flare-ups in susceptible individuals.

There are several types of psoriasis, including:

• Plaque psoriasis: The most common form, characterized by raised, red patches covered with silvery-white scales.

• Guttate psoriasis: Small, red, scaly spots that often appear on the trunk, arms, or legs, usually triggered by bacterial or viral infections.

• Inverse psoriasis: Smooth, red patches that develop in skin folds, such as the armpits, groin, or under the breasts.

• Pustular psoriasis: Characterized by pus-filled blisters surrounded by red, inflamed skin, often accompanied by fever and chills.

• Erythrodermic psoriasis: A rare but severe form that causes widespread redness, shedding of skin scales, and severe itching or pain.

Key Facts:

• Chronic Condition: Psoriasis is long-lasting and currently has no cure.

• Autoimmune Disorder: The immune system mistakenly attacks healthy skin cells.

• Rapid Skin Cell Production: Normal skin cells replace every 28-30 days, but in psoriasis, it happens every 3-4 days.

• Triggers: Stress, infections, skin injuries, and certain medications can trigger flare-ups.

• Types: Includes plaque psoriasis (most common), guttate, inverse, pustular, and erythrodermic psoriasis.

• Symptoms: Red patches of skin covered with thick, silvery scales; dry, cracked skin; itching; burning; and swollen, stiff joints.

Management:

• Topical Treatments: Creams and ointments to reduce inflammation and skin cell turnover.

• Phototherapy: Exposure to ultraviolet light under medical supervision.

• Systemic Medications: Oral or injected drugs that affect the entire body.

Psoriasis not only affects physical health but also has a significant impact on mental and emotional well-being. Regular consultation with healthcare providers and support groups can aid in managing the condition effectively.