What is a slow heart rate? Is it bad?

A slow heart rate, medically known as bradycardia, is typically defined as a resting heart rate of fewer than 60 beats per minute (BPM). While bradycardia can sometimes be normal, especially in athletes or individuals who are highly physically fit, it can also indicate an underlying health issue.

In some cases, a slow heart rate may not pump enough oxygen-rich blood to the body's organs and tissues, leading to symptoms such as dizziness, fatigue, fainting, shortness of breath, and chest pain. If left untreated, severe bradycardia can potentially cause serious complications, including heart failure, cardiac arrest, or even death.

Bradycardia can be caused by various factors, including:

• Age: As people age, their heart's natural pacemaker (the sinoatrial node) may function less efficiently, leading to a slower heart rate.

• Medications: Certain medications, such as beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers, and some types of anti-arrhythmic drugs, can slow down the heart rate as a side effect.

• Underlying Medical Conditions: Conditions such as hypothyroidism, electrolyte imbalances, heart diseases (e.g., heart block), sleep apnea, and certain infections can affect heart rate.

• Lifestyle Factors: Factors such as excessive alcohol consumption, smoking, and drug abuse can contribute to bradycardia.

If you experience symptoms of bradycardia or have concerns about your heart rate, it's essential to consult a healthcare professional for proper evaluation and management. Depending on the underlying cause and severity, treatment options may include medications, lifestyle modifications, or, in severe cases, medical procedures such as pacemaker implantation.