What are the warning signs of a heart attack, and what should be done in case of a cardiac emergency?

The warning signs of a heart attack can vary from person to person, but common symptoms include:

• Chest discomfort or pain: This can feel like pressure, squeezing, fullness, or pain in the center of the chest that lasts more than a few minutes or comes and goes.

• Discomfort in other areas of the upper body: This may include pain or discomfort in one or both arms, the back, neck, jaw, or stomach.

• Shortness of breath: Feeling breathless, even without chest discomfort, can be a sign of a heart attack.

• Cold sweat, nausea, or lightheadedness: Some people may experience these symptoms, particularly in conjunction with other warning signs.

If you suspect someone is having a heart attack or experiencing a cardiac emergency, it's crucial to act quickly. Here's what you should do:

• Call emergency services: If you or someone else is experiencing symptoms of a heart attack, call for emergency medical help immediately. Time is critical to minimizing damage to the heart muscle.

• Stay calm and reassure the person: Panic can exacerbate the situation. Stay calm and reassure the person experiencing the symptoms.

• Help the person rest: Make sure they are in a comfortable position, ideally lying down, to reduce strain on the heart.

• Assist with medication if prescribed: If the person experiencing symptoms carries medication such as nitroglycerin for chest pain, help them take it as directed.

• Monitor the person's vital signs: Keep an eye on their breathing, pulse, and consciousness while waiting for emergency medical services to arrive.

• Be prepared to perform CPR: If the person becomes unconscious and stops breathing, be prepared to perform CPR (cardiopulmonary resuscitation) if you are trained to do so. Many community centers and organizations offer CPR training courses.

Remember, it's better to err on the side of caution and seek medical help promptly if you suspect a heart attack. Even if the symptoms turn out to be caused by something else, it's essential to get a proper evaluation from a healthcare professional.