What are the symptoms of a brain stem stroke?

A brain stem stroke can have a wide range of symptoms because the brain stem controls many critical functions, including breathing, heart rate, and the coordination of motor and sensory pathways. Symptoms can vary depending on the specific part of the brain stem affected and the severity of the stroke. Here are common symptoms associated with a brain stem stroke:

1. Sudden Weakness or Paralysis

• Weakness or paralysis in the arms and legs, which can be on one side of the body (hemiparesis) or both sides (quadriparesis).

2. Difficulty Speaking and Swallowing

• Slurred speech (dysarthria).
• Difficulty finding words or forming sentences (aphasia).
• Trouble swallowing (dysphagia).

3. Problems with Coordination and Balance

• Loss of balance and coordination, leading to difficulty walking (ataxia).
• Dizziness or vertigo.

4. Sensory Disturbances

• Numbness or loss of sensation in the face, arms, or legs.
• Double vision or other visual disturbances.
• Sudden hearing loss or ringing in the ears (tinnitus).

5. Altered Consciousness

• Sudden drowsiness, confusion, or loss of consciousness.
• Difficulty staying alert or awake.

6. Autonomic Dysfunction

• Irregular heart rate or blood pressure.
• Difficulty breathing or shortness of breath.

7. Facial Weakness

• Drooping of one side of the face.
• Difficulty closing one eye or drooling from one side of the mouth.

8. Other Symptoms

• Nausea and vomiting.
• Hiccups.
• Involuntary eye movements (nystagmus).

Emergency Response

A brain stem stroke is a medical emergency. If you or someone else experiences these symptoms, it is crucial to seek immediate medical attention. Early treatment can help reduce the severity of the stroke's impact and improve the chances of recovery. Remember the acronym FAST to identify a stroke:

• Face: Is one side of the face drooping?
• Arms: Is one arm weak or numb?
• Speech: Is speech slurred or strange?
• Time: If you observe any of these signs, call emergency services immediately.

Recognizing these symptoms and acting quickly can save lives and reduce the risk of long-term disability.