Who needs a liver transplant?

A liver transplant is typically considered for individuals with severe liver disease or liver failure when other treatments are not effective. Here are some conditions and circumstances that might necessitate a liver transplant:

Chronic Liver Diseases:

• Cirrhosis: Advanced scarring of the liver often caused by chronic hepatitis C, alcohol abuse, or non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).

• Chronic Hepatitis B and C: Persistent infections that can lead to significant liver damage over time.

• Primary Biliary Cirrhosis (PBC): A disease that slowly destroys the bile ducts in the liver.

• Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis (PSC): A disease that causes scarring and inflammation of the bile ducts.

Acute Liver Failure:

• Drug-Induced Liver Injury: Often caused by an overdose of medications like acetaminophen (Tylenol).

• Viral Hepatitis: Severe and sudden liver damage from viral infections such as hepatitis A, B, or E.

• Autoimmune Hepatitis: A condition in which the immune system attacks liver cells.

Genetic or Metabolic Liver Diseases:

• Hemochromatosis: A condition that causes iron buildup in the liver.

• Wilson's Disease: A rare inherited disorder that causes copper accumulation in the liver.

• Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency: A genetic disorder that can lead to liver and lung disease.

Liver Cancers:

• Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC): A primary liver cancer that occurs in the setting of chronic liver disease and cirrhosis.

• Other Liver Tumors: Certain benign tumors or metastatic cancers that affect liver function.

Pediatric Liver Diseases:

• Biliary Atresia: A condition in infants where the bile ducts are blocked or absent, leading to liver damage.

• Metabolic Disorders: Conditions such as tyrosinemia or glycogen storage diseases that affect liver function in children.

End-Stage Liver Disease:

• When the liver is no longer able to perform its vital functions due to extensive damage and scarring, leading to symptoms like jaundice, ascites, encephalopathy, and variceal bleeding.

Candidates for a liver transplant undergo a thorough evaluation process to determine if they are suitable for the procedure. This process includes assessing the severity of liver disease, overall health, potential for recovery, and the likelihood of a successful transplant outcome.